Red Panda Adaptations

Although born to dwell in a specific habitat, animals have to adapt to the changing environment for survival. The Red panda is one such species, and its adaptations are described in the following information.
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Scientifically, Red Panda is known as Ailurus fulgens or fire-colored cat. It got these names because of its cat-like face with long white whiskers. Interestingly, the word 'panda' comes from the Nepalese word poonya which means a bamboo-eater. They live in groups comprising a mother and her cubs. Usually, winter is the mating season when pandas reproduce and then the male panda leaves the female. The female panda raises her cubs alone who stay with her only for a year or so. The average weight of the cub is 110 to 113 grams, the female weighing in at 4.2 to 6 kg, and the male, 3.7 to 6.2 kg. The average length of head and body is 56 to 63 cm while the tail is 37 to 47 cm long. After a small introduction to this temperate forest's resident we shall move on to its classification and see how it adapts to the environment for survival.

Classification of the Red Panda

Only the name 'Panda' is common between the red panda and the giant panda. None of the other features match between these two animals. Furthermore, the giant panda belongs to the bear family whereas the red panda seems very much like a raccoon, hence is classified as a raccoon. However, due to the persistent confusion about the origin of the red panda, it has finally been categorized under its exclusive unique family called the Ailuridae.

Physical Adaptations

Tail
Why do red pandas have a long bushy tail? It is because they belong to the raccoon family and both the species have similar tails; the tail is often called a raccoon tail. Both the raccoon and the red panda balance on their long bushy tail while climbing a tree or a rock column. Similarly, it uses its tail to cover its face while sleeping during daytime, and its nose in cold weather.

Teeth
Red pandas have 38 strong teeth set in powerful jaws. They are classified as carnivores because of their canines and incisors. However, the staple food of this animal is bamboo, a herbivorous diet. It has a peculiar teeth structure that is essential for tearing and chewing the plant. Front teeth are used for tearing while the molars at the back of the mouth are used for chewing.

Feet and Paws
The soles of the feet of these pandas are coated with wooly fur to reduce heat loss and provide better grip while climbing wet branches. They also have extremely sharp, semi-retractable claws, to make tree climbing easier and better. Similarly, when they are climbing down the tree, head first, red pandas can rotate their ankles to control their downward movement. Forepaws help them hold the bamboo leaves and poles firmly while eating. The bone on the inner side of the paws acts as an extra thumb which helps in gripping tree trunks while climbing and to hold plant matter while eating. To drink water, they plunge their paw into the water and then lick.

Body Coat
Beautiful reddish-brown fur coats the entire body with some variations in color shades, like red on the back and dark brown on the belly. The fur is very dense and gives warmth to the mammal. The tail is pretty thick and attractive with reddish-brown long fur alternating with rings of white fur.

Behavioral Adaptations
Red pandas are solitary animals. Except during the mating season, they prefer to be alone on tree branches or in large tree hollows.
They sleep stretched out on tree branches with legs dangling during summer, and curl themselves covering their faces with their tails during winter.
They feed at night, hence need not fear being spotted by predators, or competing with other animals who feed on the same food. Hence, they are also called nocturnal animals (mostly active at night).
A red panda is a territorial animal. When it wakes up, it cleans its fur by licking its paws and rubbing its stomach, sides, and back against a rock or along the trees, and then examines its territory. To mark the territory, it uses a weak musk-smelling secretion and its urine.
When a red panda senses danger, it tries to escape by climbing a tree or hiding in a tree hollow. However, if it cannot do so, it stands on its hind legs to make itself appear larger, and uses its sharp claws on its front paws to defend.
It communicates with a range of sounds like twitters, whistles, and hisses, including gestures like tail arching.
Forests are red panda habitat, if they are cut down these cute looking animals won't be able to adapt well to other habitat. They depend on bamboo for the basic requirements of food and shelter. This part raccoon part bear might soon become extinct if the forests are cut down at the current rate.

Kissing Gourami - The Kissing Fish

A popular aquarium fish, kissing gouramis are so named for their lip-locking activity. Read on for some interesting information about this attractive fish.

Gouramis are freshwater fish that belong to the family Osphronemidae that consists of around fifteen genera with more than 95 species. They are native to certain parts of Asia, like India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia. These fish are equipped with a special, lung-like organ that enables them to absorb oxygen from the air. This special feature helps them with sufficient oxygen, as most of these fish live in shallow waters with poor oxygen levels. There are many different types of gourami that are generally classified as dwarf and large varieties. Many of the gouramis are very popular as aquarium fish. Apart from those belonging to the family Osphronemidae, some related species are also popular as gouramis. One of them is kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii), which is the single species of the genus Helostoma in the family Helostomatidae. In fact, it is the sole species of this family and is otherwise known as kisser or kissing fish.

Physical Features

Like other gouramis, kissing fish too have laterally compressed, slightly elongated bodies. These fish can grow to a length of around 12 inches, but, most of these fish in aquariums are found to be smaller. It is difficult to distinguish between male and female kissing fish, but it is said that females are usually heavier and plumper than males. They come in two colors - silvery green/gray and flesh color (or pink). Green-colored kissing gourami (commonly called green kisser) have dark border on their anal and dorsal fins. Otherwise, the fins are almost colorless in both types. Pink ones have whitish-pink or flesh-colored bodies and are very popular as aquarium fish. Nowadays, a mutated variant of pink kissing gourami is also available. This type is named balloon kissing gourami (balloon pink or dwarf kissing fish), after their small, round bodies. While both these types (pink and green) are classified as Helostoma temminckii, nowadays, the pink variety is referred to as Helostoma rudolfi in some texts.

Their dorsal (on the back of the fish) and anal fins (behind the anus) are almost of same length and both are slightly elongated at the rear end. While they have round pectoral fins (just behind the gill cover on both sides) that are somewhat large, the pelvic fins (near the belly, beneath the pectoral fin) are slightly long. The caudal fin (tail fin) is somewhat round in shape. They have fleshy, pouting lips that can protrude. This is the most distinct feature of this fish. The lips are lined with fine, horny teeth, which they use to feed on algae and to fight. Kissing gourami have no other teeth except those on their lips. These fish derived their name from their lip-locking activity, about which we will discuss in the next paragraph.

Do Kissing Fish 'Kiss'?

Helostoma temminckii are popularly known as kissing fish, as they are sometimes found to lock their lips with other members of the species. You may also find them kissing other fish, plants and objects in the tank, while feeding or bullying. While there are various instances of animals displaying human behavior, what is the truth behind the 'kiss' of this fish? Why do kissing fish kiss? This is one among the common queries about this fish, which is a native to Thailand.

Kissing gourami is a fish with fleshy, pouting lips, which is its characteristic feature. Compared to most of the other gouramis, this fish has a terminal mouth that can be protruded. Even the name of the family Helostomatidae is derived from this feature. Though, the lip-locking act of these fish may appear as kissing, it is certainly not a display of love and affection, as in case of humans. It has been suggested that their lip-locking is a sign of fight for dominance. It usually happens in young males, who want to defend their territory or feeding areas. Such aggressive behavior is also seen during breeding season, to attract females.

It is also suggested that the action is not lip-locking, but is jaw-locking, which may sometimes lead to jaw damage. In such case, the injured fish may not be able to feed and may eventually die. Injury during such fight is very rare. Adult kissing gouramis rarely display such actions. In short, kissing fish do not kiss and display their love. What appears to be a kiss is actually a fight for dominance, in males. However, it is this feature that is responsible for the popularity of kissing gourami, which is commonly raised in aquariums. If you are planning to have kissing fish in your aquarium, then continue reading this article to know more about how to take care of them.

Kissing Gourami Care
One of the primary aquarium requirements of kissing fish is sufficient space. As they tend to grow bigger in a very short span, you have to keep them in big fish tanks. A 30-gallon tank or larger ones are suggested for raising this fish. Ensure that the bottom of the tank has a good amount of gravel and stones.
Even the water conditions must be monitored. You can use soft or moderately hard water with a pH of 6.5 to 8.5. The hardness of water must be between 5 to 30 dGH (use soft water, while they breed). The water must have a temperature of 72 to 82 degree Fahrenheit.
Make sure that these fish get enough space and lots of natural and artificial vegetation, in the tank. In case of natural plants, go for strong and sturdy ones like Java fern or Java moss (inedible), as tender plants may be consumed by them, in whole. These fish must have access to the water surface, as they take in oxygen from the air (in between).
One of the important aspects of kissing gourami fish care is the choice of tank mates. As they are sometimes aggressive, it is always better to keep them with slightly larger fish. Kissing gouramis may also feed on smaller fish in the tank. They may also bully other fish and 'kiss' them. This may result in loss of protective mucus layer on the skin (of the other fish) that becomes prone to infection, leading to death. Ideal kissing fish tank mates are cichlids, catfish, clown loach, silver dollar fish and barbs.
As far as kissing gourami diet is concerned, you must understand that they are omnivores that feed on a wide range of foods. They are also algae eaters, who suck in the algae growing on the stones and inner surfaces of the tank. It will be better not to clean the back glass of the fish tank, as these fish can feed on the algae growing on it.
You may feed kissing fish with algae-based flakes, frozen or freeze-dried live food like, bloodworm, brine shrimp and tubifex. Even live insects (small), glassworms and earthworms may be offered as food for this fish. They may also be fed with cooked (parboiled) lettuce, peas and zucchini. Uneaten food must be removed soon, as it may make the water foul.
For breeding kissing gourami, a large (separate) tank with soft water is required. Offer them with live food and maintain the temperature level at 80 degree Fahrenheit. The male fish wraps its body around that of the female, who releases eggs into water. The male fertilizes them, as they float to the surface.
It is better to remove the parent fish, once the spawning is finished. This is to save the young ones, as the adults are found to feed on them. You may also cover up the eggs with some floating vegetation or lettuce leaves. This acts like an anchor to the fry that can also feed on the bacteria growing on the leaves.
It takes only a day for the eggs to hatch. The fry will start swimming in another day or two. You have to feed them with live food like brine shrimp (newly hatched ones) or fine flakes.
The above said is only a brief overview about kissing gourami - the kissing fish. If you are really interested in growing these fish, it is always better to gain a thorough knowledge about them, beforehand. You may collect such information from breeders or those experienced in raising kissing fish. If properly taken care of, kissing gourami may live up to five or six years.

Adopting a Pet: A Dog or a Cat

If you’re thinking about adding a new member to your family, there are some important things to consider, like whether you would like a cat or a dog.
The question of whether you want a dog or a cat as a new family member is not one to take lightly. If you didn’t grow up with a pet, it is a tough decision to think about. Both cats and dogs have their pros and cons, and considering all sides of the issue can be extremely important when selecting a furry companion.

Dogs

Dogs are social animals. They need lots of attention, exercise, and play. You can leave dogs home alone for periods of time during the day, as long as they are not puppies. The rule of thumb to figure out how long you can leave your dog home alone for is one hour for every month it is old. This may mean, if you bring home a puppy, you will have to invest in a dog walker or doggy daycare. If your dog is old enough to leave at home alone all day, you may still want to find a dog walker or daycare facility if you have to be gone for more than eight hours a day. This can be a large cost as it adds up over time. However, dogs love to walk and play and cuddle, so if you are looking for a pet that wants attention, and a pet you can play with or exercise with, a dog might be for you. Dogs are also incredibly loyal to their owners. If you are looking for a furry friend who will be with you through thick and thin, and who will always be excited when you come home, a dog is certainly that pet.

Cats

Cats are less social than dogs, which means they don’t need as much attention. If you leave food out for them, they can monitor their own eating habits, which dogs can’t do. They are also usually litter box trained, which means you don’t have to come home after a certain number of hours to let them out or take them for a walk. You do, however, need to keep up with cleaning the litter box, or things can get smelly in your home. They also don’t need as much exercise, so you don’t need to wear them out with activity like you would a dog. While some cats are cuddly like dogs are, some cats are not as social and do not like to be around people much. However, if you are looking for a relatively low-maintenance pet, a cat might be for you.

Making the Decision

Deciding whether you want a cat or a dog is a huge decision, but it is one that is up to you. When considering what kind of pet you want, you should think about your lifestyle and what you are willing to give up in order to bring that pet into your home and care for it like it deserves. If you are not willing to get home to walk your dog, you may want a cat. If you do not want to try to coax your cat to cuddle with you, you may want a dog. Once you decide, you should go to different places to see what options you have. Visit pet stores, breeders, and shelters and see what they have available. It is really important to meet your pet, or at least get an honest description of its temperament from a breeder before you bring it home. This can help you figure out which specific pet you want to welcome into your family. Plus, meeting the animals can be a great way to figure out which pet is right for you.
By Buzzle Staff

Identification and Treatment of FIP in Cats

Feline infectious peritonitis or FIP, is a viral disease of cats. Even though it is fatal, its identification at an early stage can help in starting treatment to provide symptomatic relief to the affected cat. Following article covers the identification, treatment, and prevention of this lethal disease.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease that is observed in cats. Studies have reported that, this disease affects 5% of cats residing in catteries and multi-cat households. The incidence of this disease in households with one or two cats is 1 in 5000 and increases significantly in households with more number of cats. FIP is caused by a virus known as Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV). Initially, a cat gets infected by a virus known as feline coronavirus (FCoV) which has two forms, an avirulent form (unable to produce disease) and a virulent form (extremely infectious). The avirulent form is called feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) which mutates to virulent form, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) in the cat. This virulent form of virus invades macrophages or white blood cells and starts replicating, thereby, causing progression of the disease.

This disease progresses in three stages. The first stage continues for two to four weeks after the cat acquires the virus. During this stage, the cat sheds a significant amount of virus, through which other cats can also get infected. The second stage can continue for some weeks or even several years, during which the virus remains in a dormant state in the cat. Only when the cat is stressed-out, it may shed some virus or else, it remains non-communicable. The last stage begins when illness is triggered and ends with death of the cat. During this stage too, the disease does not spread to other cats.

The identification of FIP, like any other disease, is extremely important to provide treatment as soon as possible because cats cannot express their sufferings through speech. Following section deals with the identification, treatment, and prevention of this lethal and incurable disease.

How to Identify FIP in Cats

Through Symptoms
There are two forms of FIP, namely, dry form and wet form. Given below are symptoms observed in each of them.

Dry Form or Effusive FIP
Chronic weight loss
Loss of appetite
Lethargy
Fever
Ocular signs like irregular and discolored appearance of the eye
Neurological signs like paralysis, loss of balance, disorientation, tremors, convulsions, etc.
Wet Form or Non-effusive FIP
Fever
Lethargy
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Anemia
Constipation
Diarrhea
Difficulty in breathing
Fluid accumulation in chest and abdomen
Through Diagnostic Tests
The diagnosis of FIP is not easy and needs a cumulative analysis of medical history, symptoms observed, and laboratory test results. The following diagnostic tests are conducted to confirm the disease in a cat.
Blood Tests: Complete blood count is carried out to diagnose FIP. The level of hemoglobin, white blood cell count, creatinine, BUN, bilirubin, and serum proteins in the cat's body are measured. Deviations from normal level help in confirming the disease.
Biopsy: This is the best way to confirm FIP in cats. Affected tissues are examined by a veterinary pathologist and special tests are performed to confirm the presence of virus in collected tissue samples.
Fluid Sample Analysis: For the confirmation of wet form of FIP, fluid samples are drawn from the chest or abdomen of the cat, and tests are performed on them.
FCoV Test: This test detects antibodies produced in the cat's body in response to the FCoV virus. The result is mentioned as a "titer". Detection of antibodies even after a titer of 1:100 (1 ml of sample diluted in 100 ml of diluting agent) means that the test sample is positive. The presence of antibodies, however, does not confirm FIP in the cat.
A high titer in FCoV test could mean four things. First, the cat was infected by the virus, but has eliminated it. Second, it is still a carrier of the virus. Third, the cat is vaccinated for the disease and fourth, the cat has developed FIP. The probability of a cat having FIP is 88.9% when the test results show less number of white blood cells (1.5 x 103 cells/µl), positive FCoV test (titer > 1:60) and elevated blood globulins (> 5.1 gm/dl). In fluid sample test, if the fraction of gamma globulins is greater than 32%, there are 100% chances that the cat has developed FIP.

Treatment Options for FIP

Since there is no known cure for FIP yet, treatment provided is generally targeted to decrease the discomfort and suffering associated with it. As the dry form progresses slowly, the cat may survive for several years. But dealing with wet form is difficult, as it progresses too rapidly and ultimately leads to death of the cat in a short period of time. Treatment provided for FIP includes;
Blood transfusions
Fluid Therapy
Healthy diet
Ophthalmic solutions for ocular problems
Draining of accumulated fluid in wet form
Medications like immunosuppressive drugs and antibiotics
Preventive Measures
Litter boxes must be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
In catteries, cats must be divided in groups of 4 or 5 and kept separately.
Items like dishes and other articles, which are suspected to be contaminated with the virus, must be kept away from cats.
Cats suspected to have acquired the virus must be isolated from rest of the population.
Kittens must be removed from pregnant queen cats between 4-6 weeks of pregnancy if, it is suspected to have developed FIP.
A vaccine is available for prevention of FIP in cats. This vaccine is administered intranasally to cats which are at least 16 weeks old. It is not 100% effective and must be administered only when a veterinarian approves of it. However, the American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel does not recommend its use.
The most common mode of FECV transmission is fecal matter produced by infected cats. Healthy cats can acquire the virus either by inhalation or ingestion. Therefore, it is very important to keep infected cats separately. By carefully monitoring the signs and symptoms of FIP, cat owners can immediately contact a veterinarian for check-up so that necessary care and treatment is provided well in advance.

Designing a Pet-friendly Garden

If you have been on a mission to create a garden space that spells peace between your garden and your pet, look no further. Your garden tools and your gray cells could be the creative managers to design a pet-friendly garden, so that your canine and your greens can happily coexist.

Gardeners have an inherent quality of being in love, perpetually, with nature. Their love for foliage can go beyond the religious mowing and mulching activities. It is a passion for plants that, perhaps no words could justify. Most nature lovers share the same sentiments towards animals. However, trouble knocks when you love both, and want them to coexist. You know that your pet, your best friend, exercises his liberty to carry out inquisitive excursions through the garden, and he is highly capable of making a mess of your garden. In addition to this, your gruff mood. Well, it's a different question altogether now. So what do you do, for the sake of designing a pet-friendly garden? To help you rest in peace, (pun not intended), explained here are pet-cum-garden-friendly ideas that will have your pet and your greens thrive together.

Creating a Pet-friendly Garden

To have a pet safe garden, you must have a good plan. A feasible plan is one that lets your pet fool around without causing any damage to your precious greens. Your plan should club your garden's safety and your pet's interest. Sounds tough? Don't believe me? Then scroll through... to believe it yourself!

Path-ecology
Pets, more often than not, have their favorite path to wander. They, in the actual, love to have a path that leads them, rather than they creating a path of their own. However, I would advise that before you plan to construct one, try to study 'his path'. By his path, I mean, that your doggie, while roaming around the garden, has paved a way for himself. If you notice that he has a definite route, consider your job half done. All you are left with, is laying the pavement. Providing a stipulated doggie path can save your saplings from being stomped heavily and bearing the brunt of your pooch. Your pet's pleasure would know no bounds and your plants can breathe peacefully as well!

Hanging Gardens
When digging serves to be your doggie's 'first love', you, the poor gardener is bound to get perturbed. However, there is good news, if you don't want to see your pet and your plants crossing each other's paths, then why not have your plants hung in baskets or containers above the ground, away from the pet's reach. Twining a trellis is also a good idea if you possess climbers. Your furry pal is sure to find the task of messing your plants up there quite difficult.

Just Jig, Don't Dig
Digging is an activity that, gardeners wish did not exist in their canine's instincts. However, let's face the fact. They are good diggers, so why not dedicate an area that can serve as their 'play' station. Plant a grass cover to ward off the weeds. You could lay his little fiddles there and join him while he jigs with his belongings. Gradually, you will notice that your pet recognizes his designated play area and puts up his antiques there.

Potty-ing Grounds
In the name of protecting your garden from pet poop, designating a section for this purpose is advisable. Assign a place, dug specifically for your pet, to do the honors and accompany him when he has to attend the call of nature. Going along with your pet for a few days will help in conditioning him to visit the same spot. This will keep your garden feces-free. Another inclusion to your garden, especially for cats, would be placing a log or two, meant specially for your kitty to sharpen her claws, thus demarcating her area.

Go Organic
Curiosity kills the cat, an adage of sorts that fits in here perfectly. Pets have an interrogatory attitude that can land them in trouble. Digging and sniffing are major feats they perform while strolling in the garden. Thus, the use of harmful pesticides and fertilizers can spell danger for your pet. Cocoa mulch, used for landscaping contains a poisonous substance called theobromine. This ingredient can cause muscle stiffness and vomiting, leading to death. To ensure that your plants receive the required nutrition and your pet is safe and sound, use organic products that don't mean harm to pet health. Instead of cocoa, you may use cedar or pine mulch to nourish your plants.

Touch-me-Not
How you wish your plants could say that to your pets, while they put their heart and soul to blob out the plant. Anyway, let's think about what's possible. What about citrus fruit peel, or eucalyptus, or better still, neem oil. Possible? Oh yes, you can sprinkle either eucalyptus or neem oil when you want to secure your plants from the pulling sessions. These are natural products and absolutely cruelty-free. To keep your doggie from prying on your saplings, you could also place tomato cages around them.

Shady Body
All those who have heard that pets love to bask in the sun, have heard it right. However, pets do not appreciate the sunshine all throughout. They would love to roll in the shade too. Consider adding some shade in the form of a large plant, or a tree to your landscape. An outdoor beach umbrella can add freshness to the landscape and let your pet enjoy the shade as well. While the hot summer sun shines, your dog can snatch a cool snooze in there. In addition, your plants are safe too.

Aqua-Sure
Provide fresh and clean water regularly for your pet. This also helps you in enhancing the landscape as you construct, two to three tiny water bodies that resemble the shape of a pudding bowl. Also, where water bodies reside, the area around, maintains a consistency in temperature. This place will thus, be marked by him, as his very own turf. And for those scorching days, your pet can quench his thirst and feel refreshed once again.

Take a Dip
If your garden has a pool, chances are that your canine companion too is fond of taking a dip into the pool. While it is all sunny and scorching, your pet would prefer to dive in, rather than roll on the garden greens. You can rest assured that, besides the sun, there is nothing else bothering your garden or plants. Nevertheless, it is required that you train your canine to adhere to your order of entering and exiting the pool, only when you are around. Construct a ladder that leads him in and lets him out. Although, dogs are good swimmers, it is a must that you supervise them when they are at it. To ensure upgraded safety, create a fence around the pool with a considerable space for the ladder. Water bodies, not to forget, add a touch of serenity to the garden and are a favorite of many landscape lovers too.

Blunder Plants
This one's a big no-no. You should be aware of plants that can be toxic for your pet and ensure that you don't plant them in your garden. Castor beans, rhododendron, jasmine, crab apple, garlic and yew are some plants that could cause cardiac problems for your pet. Thorny and bushy plants are great topiary additions, however they may prove hurtful to your pet.

With these ideas for designing a landscape garden, that is pet and plant-friendly, you could forge ahead and have a space where you, the gardener, your flora and fauna coexist and prosper. Now, that's called a true nature patriot, aren't we!

What to Expect When Your Dog is Spayed or Neutered

 When you spay or neuter your dog, knowing what to expect when your pet comes home from the hospital can speed up recovery time.
Spaying and neutering your pets is incredibly important. There are so many dogs out there that don't have homes and who end up in kill shelters because people don't spay or neuter their dogs and can't handle the puppies that inevitably result. Therefore, if you have a dog, you should definitely consider getting him or her neutered or spayed. If you've never done this before, it can be a daunting task to take care of a dog that has undergone a major surgery. However, don't fret too much. Your dog will be back to normal in no time.

Hospital Time

Most animal hospitals will want you to drop your furry friend at the hospital in the morning on the day of the operation, and they will probably tell you not to feed or give water to your dog for 24 hours before the operation. They may also want you to leave the dog overnight. This is because they can get started on the surgery early in the day and then monitor your dog throughout the day to be sure he or she wakes up from the anesthesia and doesn't react poorly to it. However, it's a good idea to make sure that there will be someone there with your dog overnight; if not, it may be better just to bring your pet home before the hospital closes for the evening. Either way, you'll probably be without your dog for about a day. When you pick your pet from the hospital, you'll notice that he or she is going to be really groggy and tired. He or she may not be able to walk properly and will most likely not want to eat anything for a while when you get him or her home. Be sure to not let your dog have any water for a few hours, either, because this could cause his stomach to become upset as a side effect of the anesthesia. You should also be sure that your dog doesn't jump on anything or lick the operation site, as this could cause the stitches to rip out.

Recovery Time

It will probably take about one week before your pet is back to a normal energy level, especially if you are giving him or her pain medicine. The pain medicine makes the dog groggy, tired, and can cause a lack of appetite. This is totally normal, but not all dogs need the pain medication. You and your vet will have to assess how your puppy is feeling post-operation and see where to go from there. However, if your vet recommends pain medication, you should definitely consider it. You don't want your friend to be in pain! After about two weeks, you should be able to take your furry friend back to the vet to get the stitches taken out, and that will mean your dog is back to normal and can do all the things he or she could do before the surgery.

The Collar of Shame

Along with the pain medication, you may want to invest in an E-collar or an Elizabethan collar. This is a type of plastic collar that you can fasten around your dog's neck and is at least as long as the dog's nose. It prevents dogs from curling up and licking their stitches, which can also help your dog recover faster. If your dog happens to lick the stitches, this can cause infection or tearing, and if the stitches are torn out, the only way to get them back is to put the dog under the recovery process over again.

Tips for Creating a Pet-Friendly Home

When you have a pet in your house, you must create a safe environment in and around the house for them. While doing this, you have to keep a number of things in mind. That is exactly what we are going to talk about here.

Every pet owner will agree with me that you cannot have a better companion than a pet. You love to see them doing all naughty things. They keep you happy, cheerful and relaxed all the time. Pet care is the sole responsibility of the owner. However, just providing them with food, water, bedding, and toys is not enough. Their safety is equally important. You may invite a lot of trouble if you do not create a pet-friendly home. After all, you cannot keep a constant watch on them. Rather, you should take some needful measures that can prevent any harm to your lovable pet.

Tips for a Pet-Friendly Home

You are aware of the traits of your pets. Depending on their temperaments, needs and demands, you have to make some changes in your home in order to ensure both the pet and the owner live comfortably in the same house. Here are a handful of useful tips for creating a pet-friendly home:

Create Personal Space for Them: Designate an area inside the house exclusively for your pets. Here, they can spend their lone time and relax themselves. Ideally, it should be located near the entrance door so that they do not have to roam around the entire house to reach there. Keep all such items which they need like food, water, pet bedding, and some toys for their entertainment in this area.

Keep Your Home Clean: You have to ensure that your home is free from dirt, debris, allergens, and pet hair, to keep your pet and other family members healthy. For this, regular vacuum cleaning of every nook and corner of the house is a must. The floors, especially their feeding area, should be disinfected daily. If the floors get contaminated with animal excretions, you must clean it up and disinfect the area immediately, as it can be a carrier of several germs. While selecting cleaning products for your home, make sure you pick up the one which does not have any component that can cause harm to the pets.

Opt for Pet-Friendly Home Decor: Pet owners have to take care of certain things while decorating their house too. As far as a pet-friendly flooring option is concerned, a hard surface like a concrete floor, ceramic tiles and brick flooring are preferred, as they are scratch-resistant and easy to maintain too. You can have hardwood floors, provided you do not have large dogs at home. Avoid using carpets on the floors as stains and odors are easily absorbed in them. When it comes to the color scheme for the interior walls, dark shades are a better option, as the signs of dirt are easily visible on light wall colors. Shelves and tables with a low height should not be kept in the house, as pets can access any objects kept on them.

Use Stain-Resistant Fabrics All Over the House: You know it very well that no matter how much you try, you cannot prevent pet stains. Therefore, it is advisable to use stain-resistant, washable fabric for the curtains, upholstery, slip covers, bed sheets, etc. Cover up the chairs and sofas with heavy fabric like denim or canvas. Even leather and ultra suede upholstery are quite popular among pet owners. If your pet sleeps with you, then you should use easily washable cotton bed sheets with medium or dark colors, to hide pet stains.

Secure the Windows: This holds true particularly if you live in a high-rise building. As your pet is active, it may accidentally fall from the window. Therefore, you have to take care of the safety of your pet the way you take care of a small child or an elderly member of your family. If possible, keep the windows shut. Otherwise, install a sturdy screen to secure them. Window guards can also prevent falls of large-sized pets. Do not use vertical blinds or any other window treatments with long cords, as the pet may get strangulated. Curtains and valances are the safer options available with you.

Keep Household Items Organized: You cannot afford to leave household items around the house, as your pet can make a mess in no time. They may chew up newspaper, books and plastic bags too. Pets get attracted to toys and they often break or chew them while playing with them. So ask your kids to keep the toys out of the reach of the pets. Smaller items like thread, needles, staples, coins, and medicines should not be kept within their reach. If they swallow up such objects, it can be dangerous for them. For the same reason, you should keep sharp tools and instruments away from them.

Protect Them from Poisonous Substances: Pets often get poisoned by regular household cleaners, disinfectants, paints, insecticides, fertilizers, etc. Keep all such harmful substances in closed cabinets only, so that the pets are not exposed to them even accidentally. A few houseplants such as lilies, aloe vera, and caladium are dangerous for the pets. If you have these plants at home, place them on a higher ground level.

Block Those Areas Where Pets' Entry is Prohibited: There are some areas in your house where you do not want your pet to gain access to, like the bathroom where you keep cleaners and other such items that contain harsh chemicals. Similarly, the kitchen area can be dangerous because of the stove burner, as animals are attracted to fire. In such instances, you must keep the doors of these rooms closed and put child-proof latches on them. While cleaning a room or working in the garage, you would want to prohibit their entry to these areas temporarily, until you have finished your work. In that case, you can use a child gate.

Before you bring in a new pet into your home, or you are moving into a new house with your family and pets, it is your responsibility to make it pet-friendly, with the help of the tips given in this article. Thus, you can ensure safety and comfort for this very special member of your household.

Interesting Personality of Bombay Cats

A typical Bombay cat will display certain specific personality traits that many first time pet owners find quite endearing. To know more about the interesting personality of Bombay cats, read the following article through and through.

Cats. So much to say, so much already said.
What can I really say about a cat?
And yet, and yet...

That ball of fur, of meows and purrs;
of the nail kneading and the hard gazing,
of the tails swishing in anger, of the long hours of slumber,
of the 'this' and the 'that'.
What can I really say about a cat?

Bombay cats will inspire this limerick. There's no doubting that. What's to say about Bombay cats? Glad you asked. Their rich, black coat is their most arresting feature, followed by their huge button eyes. Giving the feeling of them being in a constant state of surprise and shock. These cats closely resemble the Burmese cat breed but for their coats. First time pet owners could probably not make a better choice than the Bombay cat, it is said. This testimony comes forth from owners who are not merely taken up by their physical features but also love what the Bombay cat personality has to offer. And what exactly is that? A detailed report follows. Read, read.

Bombay Cats - Personality, History and More
History

Interesting name this Bombay cat, right? Wondering how it got that? These cats get their name from that famous sea side place in India, Bombay. India is one of the main places in which the black leopard is found. Since this breed was created to look like the striking black leopard, the breeder of the Bombay cat, Nikki Horner thought it befitting to name it thus. The Bombay cat does most definitely look like a miniature version of the black leopard. Horner wanted to create a breed that maintained the structure of the Burmese cat but had a black fur coat and eyes of copper. After extensive research and experiments, the Bombay cat was finally brought out - it had a short coat like the Burmese and the copper colored eyes and black color like the American Shorthair. The effort for creating this breed started in the 1950s, but it wasn't until the1970s that the breed was finally accepted and recognized, thus qualifying for registration at the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) which is the world's largest association for registering pedigreed cats.

Physical Features

The blackest of black coats and the button eyes of copper and gold. Let's talk about that for a while.

Coat ~ The arresting feature of the Bombay cat is its shiny, sleek coat that is jet black in color all the way to the roots. The coat will have little to no paling, leaving little to wonder about why this extremely soft coat is tempting to touch. Since it is quite short, it does not require much grooming. Though taking a brush to it once in a while is a good idea. A healthy and rich diet lends to the sheen and shine of the cat's coat, leaving it shiny and free of any disease.

Eyes ~ The second most appealing feature of the Bombay cat are the eyes. This breed can be divided into two sections depending on its eye color. The British Bombay has eyes ranging from the colors gold to copper, while the American Bombay has eyes that are of an orange or honey hue. This is the simplest way of telling these cat types apart. The eyes of these cats are huge and rounded. It is only after a Bombay kitten is about 4 months old that its eyes will begin to take on the sharp and rich color of copper or orange.

Body Structure ~ The Bombay cat is quite hefty, but for its hefty and muscular frame, it is quite agile. It has a short and stout nose and the ears are long and rounded at the end, much like the characteristic feature of other cat breeds. The head is rounded as well.

While its average weight falls in the range of 3-6 kg, the male cats weigh more than the females. Even though it gives the appearance of being a light cat, it is surprisingly quite heavy when carried. These cats have been known to live for a period of 13-15 years.

Personality Traits

What makes the Bombay cat a great pet to have around? That would most definitely be the Bombay cat personality, which can be described as endearing at best. The nuances of their behavioral traits will be showcased in the following section.

What will draw most people to this breed of cat is its need for attention. It's not really a rare sight when the cat saunters lazily over while you're sitting on the couch, and perches itself on your lap. It loves the company of humans and is most comfortable being around them. There are certain characteristic features that it possesses for displaying its need for affection and attention - For example, the Bombay cat is known to purr very loudly around its owners and some even 'talk back' by way of responding to the tone of the owners. Other than that they will also exhibit other features like kneading on the lap of the owners or rubbing itself around the legs.

Bombay cats are known to be gentle, loving, and affectionate. This can be clearly seen in the way that they are around humans. They are especially great around children and that is why most parents prefer to bring this breed into the house. They are also quite tolerant of other pets in the house, leaving a few other cat species. But they are known to be quite comfortable around dogs. Thus they get easily adjusted within the household and there are no untoward scenes of fights thus creating a hostile environment.

The Bombay cat is also known to be quite intelligent and sensitive. For example, they'll key in on one family member and focus special attention onto him/her. They'll follow him/her around to give them their food or will go sit on their lap.

These cats, they love to play, so playing fetch or teasing them with a string promises a lot of fun. They are highly attention seeking in that way.

Bombay cats are not independent and aloof and that is why they do not like to be left alone for long periods of time. They need to be taken care of and given attention.

The Bombay cat is known to love being around heat sources and are heat seekers. Not necessarily on a cold day hence, you'll find them curled near a heat source or sitting close to someone. They prefer to get under the covers and cover themselves up like that.


Can you see it now? The blackest of black cats with the eyes of gold. As you walk in from the front door, it jumps down from its abode and comes to where you sit. Meowing for you to feed it, then happily relaxed near your feet. Then just as suddenly it jumps to play with the string that you lower. That for you is the very, very interesting personality of the Bombay cat. When are you getting one then?

Do We Have the Right to Keep Animals as Pets?

Animal lovers around the world often debate on whether we have the right to keep animals as pets, or not. This is an exhaustive topic to argue on. The following article shall touch this sensitive subject and provide an overview on should we keep animals as pets.

Cooing and cuddling my pet cat gives me immense pleasure. He is 'my precious' and I don't suppose there is anybody in this world I love as much as my 'Peppers'. I have been an animal lover all my life and have had the opportunity to be friends with different animals at different junctions of my life. I call them friends as I have not kept them as pets in the literal sense. They used to come and go as they please, just as normal 'human' friends do. Helping injured stray animals and feeding hungry birds has become a routine for me. Walking past a pet shop one day, I saw some exotic animals like cockatiel parrots, turtles, and similar animals for sale. This made me wonder if we have the right to keep animals as pets. A pet owner myself, I began to introspect. This prompted me to write some of my views about the pet trade and the right for animals to remain free. In the following paragraphs, I shall cover some of my personal views regarding keeping animals as pets. These are solely my views and you may or may not agree with most of the points I put forth. However, if you agree or disagree with any of them, please do mention it in the comments box at the end of the page.

Why Do People Keep Animals as Pets?
An important question to answer before we ponder on our rights to keep animals as pets. People keep animals as pets for companionship. Yes, we do make friends and have a family as well as acquaintances to keep us company. But bringing home a pet animal gives us a different feeling altogether. Animals give us pure solace and support. After a tiring day at work, it is always a pleasure to be greeted with a slobbery tongue or soft purrs. You can share their deepest thoughts and disappointments with their pets without having to fear your secrets will ever be revealed. Talking to our pets helps unload the burden we carry on our chests. Playing with them helps bring a smile to our faces and gives us our much-needed quota of daily exercise. People who live a lonely existence, the elderly, sick, shy, and the reserved, may find that a pet takes away their loneliness. Taking care of a pet helps inculcate the feelings of responsibility towards another life. Thus, making us proud of ourselves and imbibing the feeling of love in our heart. Animals require care, support, and love. In return, they are staunchly loyal and faithful towards us. In most cases, it is a give and take relationship, where humans offer protection to a vulnerable animal, and the animal gives back love and company.

Should Wild Animals Be Kept as Pets?
Wild animals look extremely cute as babies. But, once they grow-up, they become powerful and ferocious. They may not harm you as they have known you all their lives. But, one cannot guarantee they may not harm others who they perceive as threat or a tasty snack! It is wrong to keep wild and exotic animals as pets. They are not programmed or born to serve you as a pet. Wild animals need appropriate care and expertise in handling them. Most of these poor souls end up living in cramped cages or aquariums. They continue to circle endlessly trying to contain their free-will. This makes them even more wild and ferocious. Before you realize, your little cuddly pet grows up to be larger, stronger and more dangerous than you would have ever imagined. How much ever care you give the animal, you can never domesticate it. This notion will be explained further in the following paragraphs.

Bringing home wolves as pets is a wrong idea. They physically look similar to our very own Alsatians, but are in no way similar in terms of temperament and behavior. Keeping a huge boa constrictor or python is also not a wise idea. You may argue that you're giving it ample of food, keeping it at an optimum temperature and humidity, and helping it live a lavish life that it cannot afford in the wild. But, do you know that the population of these exotic creatures is dwindling in the wild? Most of them are brought into pet shops illegally. Many are kept in inhumane conditions or forced to breed in captivity to fulfill your cravings of owning a dangerous or exotic pet. Many die during this torturous journey.

If you think it's cool to own a leopard or a similar wild cat as a pet, you are wrong. This beautiful animal of the wild will be ultimately kept in a cage. You can't take it along for your shopping trips or picnics. They are basically wild and may harm you or someone else. It is their nature; it is in their blood. And the final judgment passed will label the animal as too dangerous to keep around humans or be called a man-eater. It will either be put to sleep or released in the wild. If released in the wild, it may not have learned survival tricks of the jungle as it was always under human care. This may ultimately lead to its untimely death. Many people who bring home snakes, turtles, iguanas, lizards and other such out of the ordinary animals as pets forget one thing - these animals require a lot of care and attention. Their food requirements are different from the requirements of a cat or dog. They need special living conditions and this may lead to increase in financial costs of keeping a pet. Some do not consider the future, wherein they may have children of their own. This is when it becomes difficult to manage a pet and a child together. The result- abandon the animal on the highway or nearby wilderness.

When it comes to keeping birds, I am strictly against holding a bird in a cage. Look at the bird people! It has wings. These wings are not for show, but to soar high in the sky. They are born to fly, not be held in a cage. They are free birds who know no boundaries. People clip the wings off these creatures of the sky and allow them to walk or hop around the house. Reality check- this is not freedom! There are many varieties of parrots and similar exotic birds kept as pets. Do not hold them in cages or cut off their wings. Won't you feel happy to see a free bird chirp on your window sill, instead of a caged bird singing sad songs of freedom? If you still want to have a bird as your pet, think of doves and pigeons. Train them to come back to you in the evening and fly free to their heart's content during the day. This way you provide them with living space in today's concrete jungle and allow them to live their free natural life.

Is it Wrong to Keep Domesticated Animals as Pets?
As far as my views go, I do not think it is wrong to keep animals as pets. However, these views are limited to domesticated animals such as cats and dogs. If you have a farm, there is nothing wrong in keeping farm animals such as cows, goats, etc. as pets. They not only provide you with revenue, but also help keep you company. I find many people argue against keeping dogs and cats as pets. I agree with them to a certain extent. Breeding cats and dogs to earn money is wrong. Many have a fetish of owning only purebred dogs and cats. Some go to the extent of bringing home pets that are termed as aristocratic breeds whose lineage boasts of fathers or mothers who had supposedly won some kind of animal championship. Cats and dogs have lived in and around human company since centuries. This has made them dependent on human companionship to some extent. They have adapted themselves to being around their human counterparts.

Adopting a cat or dog as a pet does no harm as long as you remain true to your responsibility of owning a pet. When it comes to freedom for these animals, they are mostly allowed to live in an unrestricted environment. Their freedom is not compromised and they live a happy, healthy life. If you wish to adopt a pet dog or cat, look around. There are many strays who are in desperate need of a home that will provide them with food and protection. You can even drop into an animal rescue shelter or dog pound. You will find many abandoned animals that are well-trained and in need of a warm house. Make sure you neuter or spay your pet to prevent overpopulation of pets. Unwanted pups and kittens often end up on the streets and either become roadkill or are attacked by other strays. Those who survive may have to live a long, treacherous life on the streets.

As you can see, our right to keep animals is debatable. There are animals that require our care and shelter. And there are some who would rather be living in the wild, than the four walls of our warm houses. Owning chimpanzees, monkeys, bears (yes, people do bring home young grizzlies without thinking of its repercussions in the future), eagles, cockatoos, etc. is not the best thing to do. Do you think it is morally correct to imprison an animal in your house full of luxuries, when it only wants to live a life of freedom in the wild? I do not think it is wrong to keep animals as pets, however, we need to keep in mind the scenarios wherein it is not only morally and ethically wrong, but legally wrong to bring home an animal as a pet. You may not agree with everything I have to say. Some may argue that they already own an exotic animal or bird as pet and think it is living a happy life. True, but won't you prefer it lives in its own natural environment rather than the small living space provided by you?

Before bringing home a pet, consider if it is ethically and legally right to bring home that particular species. Also, make sure you are ready for a life-long commitment. Veterinary care as well as provision of nutritious food should be taken care of. There are always two sides to a coin. On a personal note, it is always relaxing to pick my cat up in my arms and give it the biggest hug I can muster. A dog wagging its tail the minute it sets it eyes on me, is one of the happiest moments of my life. We are the best judges of our own actions. If you feel your actions will not cause harm to another being's life, think about getting home a pet. Never abuse a pet or treat it badly. Treat every creature the way you want others to treat you, that is with respect and sensitivity.

Miniature German Shepherd Dog

You must have heard about miniature German shepherd dogs. But, are they purebred dogs? Are they friendly? Let us find answers to all these queries here.

The German shepherd dog (GSD) or the Alsatian is one of the most popular breeds of dogs in the world. As the name suggests, this breed of dog originated in Germany. When we hear the word 'German shepherd', we picture a strong and huge dog which is well-known as the guard dog. Smaller or mini German shepherds are comparatively unknown. Is it a pure breed of dogs? Let us, once and for all, clear this confusion through the following section.

All About Miniature German Shepherds

When we hear people mentioning the miniature Alsatian or the German shepherd, they are actually referring to the breed of dog that is similar to the actual German shepherd in its temperament and physical appearance, but is smaller in size. These dogs are so small that they can be considered as lapdogs. Many dog breeders also claim that this is one of the rarest breeds of dog and hence, they are priced higher. However, the first thing you need to take into consideration is that, no such breed called miniature German shepherd actually exists. It means, although you may find smaller German shepherd dogs, it is not a recognized breed.

You should note that a German shepherd is 22-26 inches tall (males are 24-26 inches, while females are 22-24 inches). They are muscular, strong and heavy. They have a brown, tan or black-colored coat and brown eyes. They have a thick fur and a bushy tail. It is essential to note that a pure breed Alsatian is never short or miniature, unless it is either crossbred or suffering from dwarfism.

Crossbreeds
The German shepherds are often mated with the same variety to maintain their pure breed. However, there are times when breeders cross German shepherd dogs with other smaller breeds of dogs like border collies, fox terriers, poodles, etc. This results in having smaller breeds of German shepherds, which are popularly known as the miniature GSD or miniature Alsatian. As mentioned above, this is an unregistered breed of dog, and definitely not recognized by the American Kennel Club. Cross breeding between dogs is often looked down upon by those looking for pure breed varieties. Therefore, sometimes, the mini GSD is also tagged as a false breed of dog. So, if you are looking for a pure breed of the Alsatian, you should look for the original breed of dog, which is larger in size.

Dwarfism
Now, on the other hand, it may be a possibility that the miniature German shepherd, which you have seen is not a new breed, but actually a dwarf German shepherd. Dwarfism is a genetic disorder which leads to a short stature. This disorder is found in humans as well as dogs. If the German shepherd is suffering from this disorder, it may remain small in size and will not grow to its usual height. These dogs are usually sterile and suffer from severe hair loss at an early age. Pituitary dwarfism in GSD is quite rare and is accompanied with a series of other medical conditions. If dwarf GSD male and female are mated, they have dwarf puppies. It may be possible that this technique is used to breed dogs, which are known as miniature German shepherds.

Therefore, as there are two different possibilities, it is essential for the buyer to look for proper and thorough information about the dog breed before buying. Breeding a dwarf GSD is not an easy job as these dogs suffer from several medical conditions. On the other hand, you can go for a crossbred miniature German shepherd dog, if you do not mind having a crossbred pet.

Having all the information about a miniature German shepherd is essential before buying one. The mini GSD can be a good pet dog because of its good temperament; however, it is essential for buyers to not to be fooled by breeders who claim these miniatures as rare and hence, heavily priced.